Life in God's Image

In April 2021 our denomination passed a new resolution (#21-08) on Human Dignity, specifically addressing prior resolutions regarding abortion. The new resolution says in part:

“Be it, therefore resolved that this delegate body affirms that all human beings are made in the image of God and thereby possess unassailable dignity and worth according to the design of their Creator, irrespective of their race, gender, abilities, age, social class, or the circumstances of their conception…

“Be it further resolved that we mourn the loss of any human life, especially under murderous circumstances, and that we mourn all suffering caused by unjust discrimination…”

If we are to take this resolution seriously, I believe we also need to apply the same reasoning to the topic of capital punishment.* Many Christians justify the death penalty based Scriptures such as Genesis 9:6, “Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in His own image,” and Romans 13:4, “But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is the servant of God, an avenger who carries out God’s wrath on the wrongdoer.” At one time, I would have counted myself among them; however, further study has changed my mind. In particular, I found the arguments in Shane Claiborne’s book, Executing Grace, to be compelling. Although I don’t have room to include all the pages of quotes I pulled out, here are some of his points.

The Old Testament law was actually a limit

“Here’s the key: the ‘eye for an eye’ law was intended to be a limit to retaliation—not a license for it. The goal was to stop the cycle of violence rather than validate or escalate it. Prior to the Old Testament laws and the guidance of God, there was unregulated violence… There are laws of mandate and laws of limitation. Mandate means you must; limitation means you can. …The punishment should never exceed the crime… The fact that it’s legal doesn’t mean it’s right” (ch. 4).

Scripture moves us toward life and love

“Throughout the Bible there is a movement away from violence, toward ‘beating swords into plows’ (Isa. 2:4), transforming the instruments of death into tools that can cultivate life. The climax of this is the cross” (ch. 3).

“Jesus takes us even farther. Return evil with good. Do not fight fire with fire. Jesus admonishes us not to engage in retaliatory violence at all—not to take an eye or a tooth or a limb, ever. In essence, Jesus brings us a new law… and he does it without negating the old law, but by moving beyond it. In replacing ‘an eye for an eye’ with ‘love your enemies,’ Jesus teaches us to wear evil down with love” (ch. 4, see also John 8:1-7).

The early church was against death in any form

“[Ron Sider in] The Early Church on Killing… points out that the early Christians had a consistent ethic of life when it came to abortion, capital punishment, military service, and other issues. For the early Christians, people were created by God, made in the image of God, and no mortal had the right to kill another person; not even Caesar had the right to take life… No Christian writing before Constantine in the fourth century argued that there is any circumstance under which a Christian may kill” (ch. 6).

The death penalty is racially biased

“Eight in ten lynchings that occurred in the United States from 1889 to 1918 occurred in the South. Now (since 1976) eight in ten executions are in the South. In other words, the places that were most inclined to unofficial execution by lynching a hundred years ago are drawn to official execution today… To this day, even though African Americans make up only 13 percent of the nation’s population, 42 percent of death row inmates are black, and 34 percent of those executed since 1976 have been black” (ch. 8).

Wrongful convictions and executions are more common than you may think

“[About] one person for every nine executed has been proven to be wrongfully convicted, sentenced to death, and later exonerated and released from death row… A recent study estimates one in twenty-five folks on death row has been wrongly convicted and is likely innocent, reminding us undoubtedly that innocent people have also been killed” (ch. 11).

There are better ways to deal with violent crimes

“The U.S. legal system is designed as an adversarial one… prosecution versus defendant. The model seen in scripture and attempted in many communities throughout history and around the world is, in contrast, communal… Restorative justice is… about humanizing harm rather than systematizing punishment. It is about being concerned for all people—victim, offender, and community” (ch. 13).

“It is a well-established fact that it costs more to kill someone than to keep someone in prison for life” (ch. 14).

Christians and others are working for change

“In 1996, 78 percent of Americans were in favor of the death penalty for people convicted of murder… A 2013 Pew study shows that that number had dropped farther, to 55 percent” (ch. 7).

“Pope John Paul II [revised] the Catholic stance on the death penalty to say even more strongly that in contemporary society we have sufficient ways to render someone ‘inoffensive’ without executing that person and ‘without depriving him definitively of the possibility of redeeming himself’” (ch. 10).

“[In 2015] the National Association of Evangelicals… issued a new resolution on capital punishment. Their pro-death penalty statement had not changed since it was written in 1973—until now” (ch. 14; see NAE site).

From my perspective

Jesus did modify the application of the Old Testament law, but the question is how much? Did He intend for death penalties to be entirely removed? Does the role of governing authorities sustain the right to put people to death for the lives that those people have taken? Even if they have that right, is that the best solution available?

One thing that is alarming to me is that the United States is one of only a few First World nations (along with Japan and Singapore) that has not abolished the death penalty, and in 2020 ranked 6th in the world in the number of executions—behind China, Iran, Egypt, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia (per Wikipedia). In many countries, religious activities are reason for capital punishment, and yet Christians are often strong supporters of the death penalty in the U.S. That is incongruous to say the least.

Our legal system has many problems. Wrongful convictions and racially biased sentencing are significant. We live in a culture that is increasingly anti-authority, and laws are broken with impunity. We need law enforcement (and Christians serving there) to deter the increasingly anarchic atmosphere. But the death penalty is not a solution. Killing people in order to prove that killing is wrong is not going to lead to a more righteous or just country.

I don’t believe Christians should be involved in seeking or carrying out the death sentence. We of all people should realize that as long as there is life there is hope for repentance and salvation of all men. Some of those executed have become our brothers and sisters in Christ before they died. To claim we are pro-life should not simply mean that we are anti-abortion. Every person is created in the image of God, and therefore denying anyone the right to live is an affront to God. If those who conduct executions are, in Claiborne’s words, “haunted” by the requirement to take lives, shouldn’t Christians also be haunted by supporting such a system? Death originated with Satan’s deception of Adam and Eve. Should we not be instruments of life in any way we possibly can?

“For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness reign in life through the one Man Jesus Christ” (Rom. 5:17).

“The last enemy to be destroyed is death” (1 Cor. 15:26).

*A.C. Resolution #81-35 on Capital Punishment concluded, “A study of the Bible does not resolve the debate, thereby leaving the issue to individual conscience and interpretation.” Considering that our Declaration of Principles has a statement that “our influence should be used against” war, I would contend that we should also be using our influence against capital punishment.

© 2021 Dawn Rutan. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture are ESV and all images are copyright free from pixabay.com. The opinions stated do not necessarily reflect the views of my church or employer.

What Do You Know

It seems like every Christmas someone asks the question—why was Zechariah made mute for questioning the angel Gabriel, but Mary was not? If you look at the questions they asked, there is a key difference. Zechariah’s question was about his uncertainty: “How shall I know this? For I am an old man, and my wife is advanced in years” (Luke 1:18). He wanted proof of what Gabriel told him. I imagine Gabriel’s eyes flashing with fire as he responds (my paraphrase), “I am Gabriel! God sent me, and you dare to ask for proof of my credentials? Just for that you’re going to be silent for nine months so you can think about it!” Zechariah was probably fortunate that because of God’s mercy he didn’t receive worse consequences.

Mary, on the other hand, asks, “How will this be, since I am a virgin?” (Luke 1:34). She’s not asking for proof, just puzzling over the process required for this to take place. The angel answers her question, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be called holy—the Son of God” (v. 35).

There are other differences between the two encounters as well. When Zechariah saw the angel, he was troubled, “and fear fell upon him” (v. 12). Mary “was greatly troubled at the saying, and tried to discern what kind of greeting this might be” (v. 29). Zechariah’s fear wasn’t necessarily a bad thing—most people in Scripture expressed fear when they saw angels—but unfortunately his fear wasn’t enough to keep him from saying the wrong thing. Scripture doesn’t say that Mary was afraid, but troubled, agitated, or perplexed. As is said of her later, “Mary treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart” (2:19). Unlike Zechariah, she was inclined to think first and talk later.

It’s ironic that Zechariah, a priest serving in the temple, didn’t fully believe what Gabriel had to say to him, while the teenage Mary appears to have taken everything in stride. Mary was somehow different from average, since she was chosen to bear God’s Son, but she was fully human. I’m sure she had a lot of questions throughout Jesus’s life, but she trusted that God was in control of the details. Perhaps she and Elizabeth compared notes when they visited before John was born. Maybe Zechariah observed her faithful acceptance of God’s will and realized where he needed to trust God more. Certainly his prophecy in verses 68-79 sounds like he truly has come to believe that his son would be a messenger of the Lord, just as Gabriel had told him (vv. 13-17).

As I consider their stories, I wonder how I would respond in similar situations. I’ve never seen an angel, but I’d like to think that if one did appear my first question would not be “How can I know you’re telling me the truth?” I hope I would respond like Mary, “Behold, I am the servant of the Lord; let it be to me according to your word” (v. 38). But I also know my own doubts and fears. How many times have I asked God why He is doing certain things, or not doing what I want Him to do? How often do I wonder “Did God really say that?” even though Scripture is clear? I don’t always live out what I say I believe. I know what the Bible says about who God is and all He has promised for those who follow Him, but I can tend to live as though none of that is really true.

Christmas is a good time to remind ourselves and one another that faith really does matter, and it can change our lives completely if we’ll live what we say we believe.

“For God, who said, ‘Let light shine out of darkness,’  has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ” (2 Cor. 4:6).

© 2021 Dawn Rutan. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture are ESV and all images are copyright free from pixabay.com. The opinions stated do not necessarily reflect the views of my church or employer.

For Sure

The first Sunday of Advent typically focuses on the theme of hope. This is not some kind of wishful thinking about the future, but a steadfast certainty that God is who He says He is, that Jesus died for our sins, rose again, and ascended into heaven, and that one day He will return to gather His people. The human authors of Scripture pointed repeatedly to this unshakeable hope.

“It seemed good to me also, having followed all things closely for some time past, to write an orderly account for you… that you may have certainty concerning the things you have been taught” (Luke 1:3-4).

“So when God desired to show more convincingly to the heirs of the promise the unchangeable character of His purpose, He guaranteed it with an oath, so that by two unchangeable things, in which is it impossible for God to lie, we who have fled for refuge might have strong encouragement to hold fast to the hope set before us. We have this as a sure and steadfast anchor of the soul, a hope that enters into the inner place behind the curtain, where Jesus has gone… This makes Jesus the guarantor of a better covenant… Consequently, He is able to save to the uttermost those who draw near to God through Him, since He always lives to make intercession for them” (Heb. 6:17-20a, 7:22, 25).

“I am writing to you, fathers, because you know Him who is from the beginning. I am writing to you, young men, because you have overcome the evil one. I write to you, children, because you know the Father” (1 John 2:13).

When we know God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, we have confident hope in His care for us.

“For I am sure that neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Rom. 8:38-39).

“And I am sure of this, that He who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ” (Phil. 1:6)

In a world where it seems like the only certain things are death and taxes, we need reminders that God is greater than all this. There is nothing that happens apart from His knowledge and permission (Job 1-2). I’ve been reminded of this in multiple ways recently in areas where I have tried to control the uncontrollable. I can’t do it, but I can trust and hope in the One who is in control of all things.

“Let Your steadfast love, O Lord, be upon us, even as we hope in You” (Psalm 33:22).

© 2021 Dawn Rutan. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture are ESV and all images are copyright free from pixabay.com. The opinions stated do not necessarily reflect the views of my church or employer.

Loving Kindness

“The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law” (5:22-23).

Our church recently went through the book of Galatians, and I’ve continued to think about the fruit of the Spirit and the idea that Jesus is the perfect example of each aspect of the fruit. I started looking up verses related to each trait. I think the thing that has stood out most to me is the idea of God’s kindness.

• Ephesians 2:6-7 – “[God] raised us up with Him and seated us with Him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the coming ages He might show the immeasurable riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus.”
• Titus 3:4-5 – “But when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared, He saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to His own mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit.”
• Romans 2:4 – “Or do you presume on the riches of His kindness and forbearance and patience, not knowing that God’s kindness is meant to lead you to repentance?”

It seems easier to believe that God is merciful and gracious toward us than that He is kind. We are sinners in need of forgiveness, and because Jesus died in our place on the cross we can receive forgiveness. We might tend to think that His mercy is given reluctantly or from some kind of contractual obligation. But the idea of God’s kindness toward us takes it to a different level. As someone has said, “He doesn’t just love me, He actually likes me.”

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word hesed may be translated as “kindness,” “loving kindness,” or “steadfast love.” In the New Testament, we see this kindness illustrated in Jesus’s life. He takes time to talk with the woman at the well even though Jewish men did not normally talk to either Samaritans or women (John 4). He treated her as someone worthy of respect and attention. He evidently found the conversation satisfying since He implied that her coming to faith was better than food for Him (v. 32).

Jesus had compassion on a widow whose only son had died, and He raised the young man from the dead (Luke 7:11-17). He could have stood back and watched the funeral procession pass like everyone else did. One wonders if He was thinking of His own mother and the loss she would soon bear at His crucifixion. His compassion couldn’t help but be expressed in a kind and miraculous act.

At another time, Jesus was approached by a leper who said, “Lord, if You will, You can make me clean” (Matt. 8:1-4). Jesus could have healed him from a distance or with a simple word as He had before. Yet this time Jesus reached out to touch the man to heal him. This too was an act of kindness toward one who had probably been untouchable for years.

Others who saw Jesus brought children and infants to Him to bless them (Mark 10:13-16), and Jesus used children as illustrations (Matt. 18:1-6). There had to be something about Him that attracted children and parents to Him. Unkind and cantankerous people don’t attract children and hurting people to them.

Why then is it so hard for us to picture God as loving and kind toward us? Perhaps we identify more with Jesus’s harsh words to the Pharisees, who thought they could earn salvation if they worked hard enough. We want to prove we are good enough, but deep down we know how desperately lost we really are. We are ashamed of our inadequacy and can’t imagine that God doesn’t cringe a bit when He looks at us. (I know I’m not alone in this!)

In another section of Scripture that is illustrated perfectly by Jesus, we are told “Love is patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things” (1 Cor. 13:4-7). Do we dare to believe that God looks at us with this same loving kindness? We should!

“Give thanks to the Lord, for He is good, for His steadfast love endures forever” (Psalm 136:1).

“Because Your steadfast love is better than life, my lips will praise You” (Psalm 63:3).

© 2021 Dawn Rutan. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture are ESV and all images are copyright free from pixabay.com. The opinions stated do not necessarily reflect the views of my church or employer.

Behold the Man

Haman

The king’s aid, Haman, was annoyed that the Jew, Mordecai, would not bow down before him. In his self-importance he plotted the destruction of all the Jews in the kingdom. Learning of the plot, Queen Esther invites the king and Haman to two banquets. Pleased, the king offers Esther whatever she wants, whereupon she tells him that she is a Jew and that her people are in danger because of the actions of one man. Who? “This wicked Haman!” (Esther 7:6). Haman is hanged and arrangements are made for the deliverance of the Jews from those who would annihilate them. Haman thought only of his own honor and it turned into defeat and destruction for him, his household, and his ten sons.

David

King David stayed home instead of going out with his troops to war. He sees Bathsheba, takes advantage of her, and gets her pregnant. He tries to cover up his sin by plotting the death of her husband and marrying her himself. The prophet Nathan comes to David and tells a story of a rich man who took a poor man’s pet lamb to feed a guest. David, not yet realizing the story was about him, says the man deserved to die. Nathan’s response was “You are the man!” (2 Sam. 12:7). David repented, “I have sinned against the Lord” (12:13), though because of his sin the child Bathsheba had borne became sick and died. David’s heart turned back to God, but there were still consequences for his family.

Jesus

John the Baptist was baptizing people in the Jordan river when he saw Jesus coming toward him. “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” (John 1:29, 36). John knew that his job of preparing for the Messiah was nearly at its end as Jesus’s years of ministry were beginning. “He must increase, but I must decrease” (3:30).

Roughly three years later, Jesus prepared to enter Jerusalem for Passover. Jesus asks His disciples to go get a donkey. Matthew writes that this took place to fulfill prophecy: “Behold, your King is coming to you, humble, and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden” (Matt. 21:5).

Following the Passover meal, Jesus is arrested. Pilate tries to release Jesus and brings Him before the crowd— “Behold the man! …Behold your King!’” (John 19:5, 14), but the Jews demanded crucifixion. A centurion keeping watch over the crucifixion rightly proclaimed, “Truly this was the Son of God!” (Matt. 27:54).

Our Response

We have a choice set before us. We can, like Haman, pretend we are the center of the universe, seeking attention and approval, but to do so will lead to our ultimate destruction. Or we can, like David, recognize our sinfulness and repent and turn to God for forgiveness. Our sin may still have consequences, but we will find salvation. Like John the Baptist, we should realize that we are just bit players in the drama of God’s plan for the world. Jesus must be lifted up, and we must bow down before Him. We all deserve death because of our selfish and sinful choices, but through Jesus’s life, death, and resurrection, we can be forgiven and reconciled to God. Jesus alone can take away the sin of the world.

One day we will all behold His glory. “Behold, He is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see Him” (Rev. 1:7a). Let us not wait till it is too late to come to Him in humility, submission, and worship.

“Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and eat with him, and he with Me” (Rev. 3:20).

© 2021 Dawn Rutan. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture are ESV and all images are copyright free from pixabay.com. The opinions stated do not necessarily reflect the views of my church or employer.

The Long View

There is a tendency in modern Christianity to cherry-pick verses and plaster them on shirts, mugs, and memes without examining the context. One favorite is Jeremiah 29:11:

“For I know the plans I have for you declares the Lord, plans for welfare and not for evil, to give you a future and a hope.”

Yes, that’s an encouraging word of God’s sovereignty and foreknowledge, but it wasn’t given to individual looking at his or her immediate future. The context is Israel’s captivity in Babylon. The first part of the chapter says,

“Build houses and live in them; plant gardens and eat their produce. Take wives… multiply there, and do not decrease. But seek the welfare of the city where I have sent you into exile… For thus says the Lord: When seventy years are completed for Babylon, I will visit you, and I will fulfill to you My promise” (see vv. 4-10).

This was no promise of “just hold on a little while and you’ll get out of trouble.” This was a directive to wait a lifetime and the next generation would see national deliverance. It’s not unlike the forty years in the wilderness before Israel could enter the Promised Land following the exodus from Egypt.

We go astray when we read Scripture solely through the eyes of our Western individualized culture. Much of the Bible was written to the nation of Israel, not to individuals. That’s not to say that individual application is always wrong. There can be a lot of overlap. But it is clearly wrong to interpret verses like Jeremiah 29:11 as a promise of individual success and prosperity. Many Christians have leaned toward facets of a prosperity gospel without even realizing it. For example, youth may be led to believe that if they hold to certain Christian standards they will be guaranteed a better job, better marriage, and better life—almost equating Christianity with the American dream.

What then can we glean from Jeremiah 29? God is sovereign and omniscient, and His perspective is always long term. He is working out His divine plan over many generations in many thousands of years. He will fulfill His purposes for individuals, nations, and all of history, but that purpose does not necessarily include comfort and success for each person in their lifetime. We have to hold onto God’s perspective—the eternal reality—when we face suffering and difficulties. Our future and our hope are grounded in the truth that this life is not all there is. We can then endure as long as necessary because this life is just a drop in the bucket compared to eternal joy in His kingdom.

“You make known to me the path of life; in Your presence there is fullness of joy; at Your right hand are pleasures forevermore” (Psalm 16:11).

© 2021 Dawn Rutan. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture are ESV and all images are copyright free from pixabay.com. The opinions stated do not necessarily reflect the views of my church or employer.

What's Your Choice?

Last week’s “You’re Not Crazy” podcast reflected on Galatians 2:11-21, where the Apostle Paul says that he had to confront Peter for hypocritically drawing back from the Gentiles when Jews came to visit. The podcast leaders commented:

Ray Ortlund- “What if thousands of our churches across the country right now are nullifying the grace of God as Peter did without even realizing?”

Sam Allberry- “Let’s face it, he did it by who he ate with and who he didn’t eat with. Something as seemingly innocuous as that can actually contradict the gospel.”

That is convicting enough on its own. What daily choices are we making that nullify the gospel by implying that certain people are beyond the reach of God’s grace and that certain sins are unforgiveable? Who have we chosen not to associate with out of fear, prejudice, lack of love, or some other motivation? What misperceptions are we creating among those who are watching us?

Then if anyone needs more to think about, TGP posted this article, Should Christians Relocate to Conservative Areas? As Christians are vacating California and other blue states in droves, what does that do to the witness of the Church in those areas? As citizens of the heavenly Kingdom we are already exiles in a foreign land, so how appropriate is it for us to seek out like-minded people as our neighbors? What’s driving our choices?

A related choice is schooling. Even though I’m not a parent, I hear quite a few debates about Christians sending their kids to private school vs. public school vs. homeschooling. As a child, I wanted to go to a private school (mostly because of bullying) but was not allowed to. Looking back, I can see how I was challenged to live out my faith in public schools in ways that ultimately (though painfully) made me stronger and hopefully influenced other students as well. I don’t know what I would choose if I had kids, because the world is increasingly hostile to the public exercise of Christian beliefs.

We all have hard choices to make for ourselves, our families, and our churches. The question is, are we prayerfully weighing those decisions against Scripture? Are we choosing what’s easiest or what’s best? Are our choices based on worldly wisdom or God’s wisdom? Are we serving God’s Kingdom or our own agenda?

“I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse. Therefore choose life, that you and your offspring may live, loving the Lord your God, obeying His voice and holding fast to Him, for He is your life and length of days, that the Lord swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give them” (Deut. 30:19-20).

Faithful Christians may come to different conclusions on a variety of life choices, because there are different people and circumstances to consider. But whatever we choose, we need to be sure we’ve sought God’s perspective and not just that of our friends and family. God is the only one who knows every detail of our lives perfectly.

“Choose this day whom you will serve” (Josh. 24:15b).

© 2021 Dawn Rutan. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture are ESV and all images are copyright free from pixabay.com. The opinions stated do not necessarily reflect the views of my church or employer.